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Machinese Language Model: Syntactic tags for Norwegian

List of tags

The verb chain

In the present description, a multi-part verb of the type 'har gjort', 'kan være','må ha vært', 'er blitt' is treated as a verb chain consisting of a main verb (@MAIN) and one or more auxiliaries (@AUX). In each verb chain, the main verb is obligatory and auxiliaries are optional.

Combinations of verbs of the type 'la være', 'får ha', on the other hand, are treated as combinations of two different verb chains, and thus they have two main verbs.

Consider the following analysis of the sentence ' Nå skal du få høre en god historie. ':

Nå nå @ADVL ADV 
skal skulle @AUX V IND PRES 
du du @NH PRON 
få få @AUX V INF 
høre høre @MAIN V INF 
en en @PREMOD DET 
god god @PREMOD A 
historie historie @NH N 
. . SB  

In the above example, the verbs 'skal' and 'få' in the verb chain 'skal få høre' are marked as auxiliaries and the verb 'høre' is marked as the main verb.

The nominal phrase

In the present description, the nominal phrase consists of the nominal head, marked '@NH', and possible determiners, premodifiers and postmodifiers, marked '@PREMOD', and '@POSTMOD'.

Consider the following analysis of the sentence ' Målet vårt er der, sier daglig leder Nils Sverre Ingebretsen i Start Toppfotball ASA til VG. ':

Målet mål @NH N 
vårt vår @POSTMOD PRON 
er være @MAIN V IND PRES 
der der @ADVL ADV 
, ,   
sier si @MAIN V IND PRES 
daglig daglig @PREMOD A 
leder leder @NH N 
Nils Nils @PREMOD N Prop 
Sverre Sverre @PREMOD N Prop 
Ingebretsen Ingebretsen @NH N Prop 
i i @PREMARK PREP 
Start Start @PREMOD N Prop 
Toppfotball Toppfotball @NH N Prop 
ASA AS @POSTMOD N Abbr
til til @PREMARK PREP 
VG VG @NH N Prop 
. . SB 

In the above example, the nominal phrase 'målet vårt' consists of the postmodifying pro-nominal 'vårt' and the nominal head 'målet'. The nominal phrase 'daglig leder' consists of the premodifier 'daglig' and the nominal head 'leder'. In the nominal phrase 'Nils Sverre Ingebretsen', the word 'Ingebretsen' is marked as the head and the words 'Nils Sverre' are marked as premodifiers. The nominal phrase 'Start Toppfotball ASA' consists of the premodifier 'Start', the nominal head 'Toppfotball' and the postmodifier 'ASA'. The nominal phrase 'VG' consists of the nominal head only.

The adverbial phrase

In the present description, the adverbial phrase consists of the adverbial head '@ADVL' and possible determiners or premodifying adverbials '@PREMOD' or postmodifiers '@POSTMOD'.

Consider the following analysis of the sentence ' Hvor ofte bør vi male veggene?':

Hvor hvor @PREMOD ADV 
ofte ofte @ADVL ADV 
bør burde @AUX V IND PRES 
vi vi @NH PRON 
male male @MAIN V INF 
veggene vegg @NH N PL 
? ? SB 

In the above example, the adverbial phrase 'hvor ofte' consists of a premodifying adverb 'hvor' and the adverbial head 'ofte'.

The prepositional phrase

In the present description, the prepositional phrase consists of a preposition and a nominal phrase, an adverbial phrase, or a verbal phrase.

In prepositional phrases with adverbial function, as in 'Han drar til Rome.', or with infinitives, as in 'Han tenker på å dra.', the preposition is marked as a preposed marker '@PREMARK'. In a postmodifying prepositional phrase, as in 'reisen til Rome', the preposition marks the postmodifying function of the entire prepositional phrase '@POSTMOD'. This distinction is made in order to help the recognition of phrases larger than a simple nominal phrase in Machinese Phrase Tagger.

In the following examples, prepositions with the syntactic tag '@PREMARK' are highlighted:

De tenkte på å dra til den nordligste delen av Finnmark.

In the following examples, prepositions with the syntactic tag '@POSTMOD' are highlighted:

De tenkte på å dra til den nordligste delen av Finnmark.

Consider the following analysis of the above sentence ' De tenkte på å dra til den nordligste delen av Finnmark. ':

De de @NH PRON 
tenkte tenka @MAIN V IND PAST 
på på @PREMARK PREP 
å å @PREMARK PREP 
dra drage @MAIN V INF 
til til @PREMARK PREP 
den den @PREMOD DET 
nordligste nordlig @PREMOD A SUP 
delen del @NH N 
av av @POSTMOD PREP 
Finnmark Finnmark @NH N Prop 
. . SB 

In the above example, the prepositional phrase 'på å dra' consists of the prepositions 'på å' and the infinitive 'dra'. The prepositional phrase 'av Finnmark' consists of the preposition 'av' and the nominal phrase 'Finnmark'; because 'av Finnmark' is a postmodifying prepositional phrase, the preposition 'av' is marked with the tag '@POSTMOD' which shows that the words 'av Finnmark' belong together with the preceding nominal head 'delen' as part of the complex nominal phrase 'den nordligste delen av Finnmark'. Finally, the prepositional phrase 'til den nordligste delen av Finnmark' consists of the preposition 'til' and the complex nominal phrase 'den nordligste delen av Finnmark'.

Sentence structure

In addition to verb chains, nominal phrases, adverbial phrases, and prepositional phrases, a sentence can contain clause markers which in the present description obtain the syntactic tag @PREMARK . In addition, verb chains, nominal phrases, adverbial phrases and prepositional phrases can be coordinated to form more complex phrases by means of a coordination marker which in the present description obtains the syntactic tag @CC .

Consider the following analysis of the sentence ' Vi ringer og forteller at vi har funnet den. ':

Vi vi @NH PRON 
ringer ringe @MAIN V IND PRES 
og og @CC CC 
forteller fortelle @MAIN V IND PRES 
at at @PREMARK CS 
vi vi @NH PRON 
har ha @AUX V IND PRES 
funnet finne @MAIN V PCP PERF 
den den @NH PRON 
. . SB 

In the example above, the verbs 'ringer' and 'forteller' are coordinated by means of the coordination marker 'og'. The clause marker 'at' combines the two clauses 'Vi ringer og forteller' and 'vi har funnet den'.